- Following up on our previous blog, What’s the story behind Tradeweb block trading?
- Regulations mean that different market participants will transact trades of block size in different ways
- This allows us to identify whether a block trade is transacted across a D2D venue, Tradeweb or Bloomberg
- We therefore have increased transparency as to whether these trades are Customer or Dealer flows
- And we can monitor the trend between RFQ and CLOB execution protocols for these large trades.
In the post-reform World, it typically pays to revisit some concepts time and again. Therefore, I’m going to take another look at block trading this week.
Something I missed
This is something I wish I had known about before writing my first blog on block trading last month! There is a No-Action Relief Letter (14-118) relating to block trading. The implications from this “NARL” and what we can see in the data are quite significant.
It’s not the easiest thing to read, but fortunately footnote 13 is fairly straight-forward in it’s language – reproduced below:
13.“The Division notes that while block trades may not be facilitated through a SEF’s Order Book functionality, pursuant to this no-action letter, SEFs are permitted to use RFQ functionalities to facilitate the execution of a block trade. Also the Division notes that a block trade executed through a SEF’s RFQ functionality pursuant to this no-action relief would not be subject to the minimum participant requirement set forth in §37.9(a)(3). Finally, the Division notes that trades above the minimum block size may occur on the SEF’s Order Book however they will not receive treatment as block trades and will not be afforded a reporting time delay.”
What this means for the SEFs:
- The D2D SEFs (who are all running Order Books) therefore process trades of block size in an almost identical manner to non-block orders. There is no private negotiation of these orders outside of their Order Books, but their sizes are “capped” at the block threshold in the subsequent SDR reporting.
- The two big D2C SEFs (Tradeweb and Bloomberg) run RFQ platforms as opposed to an Order Book facility. This allows market participants trading in block size to send an RFQ to a single dealer if they so wish.
- We understand that the number of RFQs sent to a single dealer (let’s call them RFQ1) may be a significant portion of block trading activity (the alternative being an RFQ to 2,3 or more dealers), but we do not have actual data on the split.
But intriguingly, there is also an impact on the data!
Block Trading and the Data
Given the above, we can now deduce that a D2D SEF cannot designate a trade done through their Order Book as a “Block Trade”. Therefore all trades reported at the “Capped” threshold but not designated Block have been transacted on a D2D SEF.
Equally, only an RFQ venue can designate a trade as a “Block Trade”. Fortunately for us, the two RFQ venues (Bloomberg and Tradeweb) actually report to two different SDRs. This means that we can deduce that all Block Trades reported to the DTCC SDR were transacted on Tradeweb, and all Block Trades reported to the BSDR were transacted on BSEF (which we knew already…).
Clarus and Capped Trades
Our SDRView app already splits out capped trades – those trades that are above the notional threshold to qualify as potential block trades. We can then drill-down into this subset to identify those transacted on Bloomberg, those on Tradeweb and those on D2D venues.
The Data
Well, this cut of data sure presents a different perspective to the one we saw in our previous blog. Yes, D2C (a.k.a RFQ) venues have been seeing increases in Block volumes, but we can now also be confident that D2D venues have also seen increases in large trades.
The most neutral way to identify this trend is to look at trade numbers above the cap sizes. Here we see that the D2D share of these large trades has actually increased since 2014:
Showing that:
- By trade number, D2D venues accounted for 36% of large trades in September and 45% in August.
- These are up from the comparable months in 2014, which saw 32% and 34% respectively.
Average Block Trade Sizes
This new view of the world also allows us to directly compare average block trade sizes on Bloomberg and Tradeweb. Each venue publishes their Block Volumes (available in SEFView) and we now know the trade counts on each venue for these trade types.
Showing:
- Tradeweb generally see larger blocks than on Bloomberg. We may ask whether this is due to the fact that the “RFQ1” workflow is more prevalent on Tradeweb, but we do not have any data on the split of RFQ1 vs RFQx on these platforms. Roll on MIFID II reporting!
- There is some evidence of increases in IMM months – maybe related to rolling positions in large size.
- And the previous chart of trade numbers shows that Tradeweb certainly see a greater number of block trades during IMM months.
- Either way, it backs up our previous blog that Tradeweb is the RFQ platform of choice for the market participants looking to transact block trades in this manner.
And Average Trade Sizes Overall
As a little segue, it’s worth noting that the capped notional works out at around $110k DV01 per trade (this is smaller for 3y and 4y and bigger for longer maturities).
Comparing the total block sizes on Tradeweb and Bloomberg with what is reported as the capped amount to the SDR reveals that blocks are typically twice as large as this threshold. So on the whole, they really are impressively large size on RFQ platforms.
However, we can also use trade count data from SDRView, coupled with total volumes on SEFView, to look at some Average trade sizes per SEF. This is achievable because Tradition and Tulletts both publish trade numbers, whilst BSEF reports to their own SDR – giving us another trade number to work with.
Therefore, Average Trade Size by venue looks like this:
- Average trade sizes across the whole market have been increasing since a drop in 2014.
- Bloomberg typically have lower-than average trade sizes.
- The D2D SEFs have considerably larger average trade sizes than the RFQ D2C platforms.
- So despite capturing the RFQ block trades anointed in NARL 14-118, it appears that D2C venues still see smaller tickets on average.
RFQ vs CLOB
This little look into average trade sizes got me thinking about real liquidity and what it means. Previously, I assumed that because D2C venues are trading more and more large tickets, that they were trying to compete with D2D-type business.
However, it looks to be more a market choice between what type of execution venue you want to trade your big tickets across. Do you want to revert to old-school bilateral channels to keep your banker happy – and trade RFQ? Or do you risk information leakage in a post-trade name give-up protocol, embodied by the D2D SEFs running CLOBs?
My previous blog suggested that the market is choosing RFQ as their preferred protocol. However, now that we can infer a more granular reading of the SDR data, this may not actually be the case.
Remember that for both Bloomberg and Tradeweb, some of this business will be Compression and IMM Roll related – portfolio maintenance exercises simply not offered by the CLOB venues.
But also, if we look at the pure split in terms of trade numbers in block trades, the following chart shows a very slight trend towards CLOBs:
This chart highlights my final points:
- It’s not a level playing field for block trades between CLOB and RFQ SEF venues.
- CLOB venues see, on average, larger trade sizes than RFQ platforms. This could of course just reflect their large minimum sizes, but is still interesting from a liquidity viewpoint.
- Trades above block size are transacted across both types of venue, but only the RFQ protocol gives you the 15 minute delay and the option to trade on a bilateral basis.
- But at least we can now be confident of using the data to identify whether a block trade has been transacted by a Customer (RFQ) or a Dealer (CLOB).
- The NARL letter highlighted in this blog expires on 15th December 2015.
- It will therefore be interesting to see what happens after this date….
- ….maybe the removal of different block-trading protocols between venues will smooth the way towards an All-to-All market.
- Either way, the data will continue to reveal its secrets if you are willing to look hard enough….
- ….and are subscribed to Clarus!